Mbiri ya Pulse Oximetry

Pamene coronavirus yatsopano ikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi, chidwi cha anthu paumoyo chafika pamlingo womwe sunachitikepo.Makamaka, chiwopsezo cha coronavirus yatsopano m'mapapo ndi ziwalo zina zopumira zimapangitsa kuwunika kwaumoyo watsiku ndi tsiku kukhala kofunika kwambiri.Potengera izi, zida za pulse oximeter zikuphatikizidwa m'miyoyo ya anthu tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo zakhala chida chofunikira pakuwunika zaumoyo kunyumba.

Ndiye, kodi mukudziwa amene anayambitsa pulse oximeter yamakono?
Mofanana ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi, pulse oximeter yamakono sinali ubongo wa katswiri wina yekha.Kuyambira pamalingaliro akale, opweteka, odekha komanso osatheka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo atenga zaka zoposa zana, asayansi ambiri ndi akatswiri azachipatala apitiliza kupanga zotsogola zaukadaulo pakuyesa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi, kuyesetsa Kupereka mwachangu, kunyamula komanso kosasinthika. - njira ya pulse oximetry.
1840 Hemoglobin, yomwe imanyamula mamolekyu a okosijeni m'magazi, idapezeka
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, asayansi anayamba kumvetsa mmene thupi la munthu limatengera mpweya wa okosijeni ndi kuugawa m’thupi lonse.
Mu 1840, Friedrich Ludwig Hunefeld, membala wa German Biochemical Society, adapeza mawonekedwe a kristalo omwe amanyamula mpweya wa okosijeni m'magazi, motero anafesa mbewu zamakono za pulse oximetry.
Mu 1864 Felix Hoppe-Seyler anapatsa nyumba zamatsenga zamatsengazi dzina lawo, hemoglobin.Maphunziro a Hope-Thaylor a hemoglobini anachititsa katswiri wa masamu ndi fizikiki wa ku Ireland ndi ku Britain, George Gabriel Stokes, kufufuza za “kuchepetsa mtundu wa pigment ndi kutulutsa ma protein m’magazi.”

Mu 1864, George Gabriel Stokes ndi Felix Hoppe-Seyler adapeza zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za magazi olemera ndi okosijeni komanso opanda mpweya.
Kuyesera kwa George Gabriel Stokes ndi Felix Hoppe-Seyler mu 1864 kunapeza umboni wowoneka bwino wa hemoglobin womanga ku oxygen.Iwo anati:
Magazi okhala ndi okosijeni (oxygenated hemoglobin) amawoneka ofiira ngati chitumbuwa chowala, pomwe magazi opanda okosijeni (hemoglobini yopanda oxygen) imawoneka yofiirira yofiyira.Magazi omwewo amasintha mtundu akakumana ndi mpweya wosiyanasiyana.Magazi okhala ndi okosijeni amawoneka ofiira owala, pomwe magazi opanda okosijeni amawoneka wofiirira-wofiira kwambiri.Kusintha kwa mtundu kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a mayamwidwe owoneka bwino a mamolekyulu a hemoglobin akaphatikizana kapena kulekanitsidwa ndi okosijeni.Kupezeka kumeneku kumapereka umboni wachindunji wa ntchito yonyamula okosijeni m'magazi ndikuyika maziko asayansi ophatikiza hemoglobin ndi okosijeni.

Koma panthawiyi Stokes ndi Hope-Taylor akuyesa kuyesa kwawo, njira yokhayo yoyezera milingo ya oxygenation ya magazi a wodwala inali kutenga magazi ndikuwunika.Njirayi ndi yowawa, yosokoneza, komanso yochedwa kwambiri kuti apatse madokotala nthawi yokwanira kuti achitepo kanthu pa zomwe amapereka.Ndipo njira iliyonse yowononga kapena yolowererapo imatha kuyambitsa matenda, makamaka panthawi yocheka khungu kapena ndodo za singano.Matendawa amatha kuchitika kwanuko kapena kufalikira kukhala matenda a systemic.motero zimatsogolera kuchipatala
ngozi yamankhwala.

Mu 1935, dokotala wa ku Germany, Karl Matthes, anapanga makina otchedwa oximeter omwe amaunikira magazi omangidwa m’makutu ndi mafunde aŵiri.
Dokotala wa ku Germany, Karl Matthes, anapanga chipangizo china mu 1935 chimene chinamangidwira ku khutu la wodwalayo ndipo chinkatha kuwala mosavuta m’magazi a wodwalayo.Poyambirira, mitundu iwiri ya kuwala, yobiriwira ndi yofiira, inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti izindikire kukhalapo kwa hemoglobini ya okosijeni, koma zipangizo zoterezi ndizopangidwa mwanzeru, koma zimakhala ndi ntchito zochepa chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuziyika ndipo zimangopereka machulukitsidwe a machulukitsidwe m'malo motsatira zotsatira zamtundu uliwonse.

Woyambitsa ndi physiologist Glenn Millikan amapanga oximeter yoyamba kunyamula m'ma 1940s.
Glenn Millikan, yemwe ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku America, anapanga chomverera m'makutu chomwe chinadziwika kuti oximeter yoyamba kunyamula.Anayambitsanso mawu akuti "oximetry".
Chipangizocho chinapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse kufunika kwa chipangizo chothandiza kwa oyendetsa ndege a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse omwe nthawi zina ankawulukira kumtunda komwe kunali njala ya okosijeni.Makutu a Millikan oximeters amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ndege zankhondo.

1948-1949: Earl Wood amathandizira oximeter ya Millikan
Chinthu china chimene Millikan anachinyalanyaza mu chipangizo chake chinali kufunika kopanga magazi ambiri m'khutu.
Dokotala wa Mayo Clinic Earl Wood adapanga chipangizo cha oximetry chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwa mpweya kukakamiza magazi ochulukirapo m'khutu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwerenga kolondola komanso kodalirika munthawi yeniyeni.Chomvera ichi chinali gawo la Wood ear oximeter system yomwe idalengezedwa mu 1960s.

1964: Robert Shaw anapanga oximeter yoyamba yowerengera
Robert Shaw, dokotala wa opaleshoni ku San Francisco, anayesa kuwonjezera utali wa kuwala kwa oximeter, kukonza njira yodziwira yoyambirira ya Matisse yogwiritsira ntchito mafunde awiri a kuwala.
Chipangizo cha Shaw chimakhala ndi mafunde asanu ndi atatu a kuwala, zomwe zimawonjezera zambiri ku oximeter kuti ziwerengetse kuchuluka kwa magazi okhala ndi okosijeni.Chipangizochi chimatengedwa kuti ndicho choyamba kuwerenga m'makutu oximeter.

1970: Hewlett-Packard akuyambitsa oximeter yoyamba yamalonda
Oximeter ya Shaw inkaonedwa kuti ndi yokwera mtengo, yochuluka, ndipo inkayenera kuyendetsedwa kuchokera m'chipinda ndi chipinda m'chipatala.Komabe, zikuwonetsa kuti mfundo za pulse oximetry zimamveka bwino kuti zigulitsidwe muzogulitsa zamalonda.
Hewlett-Packard adagulitsa khutu la mafunde asanu ndi atatu mu 1970s ndipo akupitilizabe kupereka ma pulse oximeters.

1972-1974: Takuo Aoyagi akupanga mfundo yatsopano ya pulse oximeter
Pofufuza njira zosinthira chipangizo choyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, katswiri wina wa ku Japan, Takuo Aoyagi, anatulukira zinthu zomwe zinakhudzanso vuto lina: pulse oximetry.Iye anazindikira kuti mlingo wa oxygen m’mitsempha ya mwazi ukhoza kuyezedwanso ndi kugunda kwa mtima.

Takuo Aoyagi adayambitsa mfundo iyi kwa abwana ake Nihon Kohden, yemwe pambuyo pake adapanga oximeter OLV-5100.Choyambitsidwa mu 1975, chipangizochi chimatengedwa ngati oximeter yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi kutengera mfundo ya Aoyagi ya pulse oximetry.Chipangizocho sichinali chopambana pamalonda ndipo zidziwitso zake zidanyalanyazidwa kwakanthawi.Wofufuza waku Japan a Takuo Aoyagi ndi wodziwika bwino pophatikiza "pulse" mu pulse oximetry pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a waveform opangidwa ndi ma arterial pulses kuyeza ndikuwerengera SpO2.Anafotokoza koyamba za ntchito ya gulu lake mu 1974. Iye amadziwikanso kuti ndi amene anayambitsa makina amakono a pulse oximeter.

Mu 1977, woyamba chala pulse oximeter OXIMET Met 1471 anabadwa.
Pambuyo pake, Masaichiro Konishi ndi Akio Yamanishi a ku Minolta anapereka lingaliro lofananalo.Mu 1977, Minolta adayambitsa oximeter yoyamba ya chala, OXIMET Met 1471, yomwe idayamba kukhazikitsa njira yatsopano yoyezera pulse oximetry ndi zala.

Pofika m'chaka cha 1987, Aoyagi ankadziwika bwino kuti ndi amene anayambitsa makina amakono a pulse oximeter.Aoyagi amakhulupirira "kupanga ukadaulo wowunika mosalekeza" wowunikira odwala.Ma pulse oximeter amasiku ano amaphatikiza mfundo imeneyi, ndipo zida zamasiku ano ndizofulumira komanso zosapweteka kwa odwala.
1983 Nellcor woyamba pulse oximeter
Mu 1981, katswiri wogonetsa munthu wodwala matenda ogonetsa munthu wodwala matenda aja, William New ndi anzake aŵiri anakhazikitsa kampani yatsopano yotchedwa Nellcor.Anatulutsa pulse oximeter yawo yoyamba mu 1983 yotchedwa Nellcor N-100.Nellcor yathandizira kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa semiconductor kugulitsa ma oximeter a chala ofanana.Sikuti N-100 ndiyolondola komanso yosunthika, imaphatikizanso zatsopano muukadaulo wa pulse oximetry, makamaka chizindikiro chomveka chomwe chikuwonetsa kugunda kwa mtima ndi SpO2.

Masiku ano miniaturized chala pulse oximeter
Ma pulse oximeter agwirizana bwino ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zingabwere poyesa kuyeza kuchuluka kwa magazi a wodwalayo.Amapindula kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa tchipisi ta makompyuta, zomwe zimawalola kusanthula zowunikira komanso kugunda kwa mtima komwe kumalandiridwa m'mapaketi ang'onoang'ono.Kupambana kwa digito kumaperekanso mwayi kwa mainjiniya azachipatala kuti asinthe ndikusintha kuwongolera kulondola kwa kuwerenga kwa pulse oximeter.

Mapeto
Thanzi ndiye chuma choyamba m'moyo, ndipo pulse oximeter ndiye mthandizi waumoyo wakuzungulirani.Sankhani pulse oximeter yathu ndikuyika thanzi m'manja mwanu!Tiyeni tisamalire kuwunika kwa okosijeni wamagazi ndikuteteza thanzi lathu ndi mabanja athu!